Ijpsr (2009), Issue 1, Vol

Types of Stem Cell Transplant: Stem cells are injected through a needle in the vein, once they enter the bloodstream, and then they get a place of cells that get destroyed by treatments by traveling to bone marrow. The stem cells come from
bloodstream, bone marrow, and umbilical cord ^55- 57_.
A transplant can be:

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  Allogeneic: In this, the stem cells come from someone else like blood relations or other people.
  
• 
  Autologous: In this, the stem cells come from the patient itself.
  
• 
  Syngeneic: The stem cells come from identical twins if the patient has one.
  

Side Effects: Bleeding and increased risk of infection are the problems caused by cancer treatments before a stem cell transplant. If a patient has an allogeneic transplant, that might develop graft-versus-host disease, this means the WBC from a donor (graft) recognized cell in the body (host) as foreign and attacked them by this the skin, liver, intestine, and other organs are getting damaged. Steroids or other drugs are used to suppress the immune system and help to treat the graft-versus-host disease ^58-59.
Precision/Personalized Medicine: It is the newer approach, in which the best treatment for a patient is determined by genetic testing. Nowadays, cancer treatments are is same for patients who have same cancer and the same stage of cancer, but the responses are different in some patients. After a lot of research, scientists understand those tumors have genetic changes that cause cancer cells to grow and spread. The genetic changes in different cancer may be the same. Scientists see the future in precision medicine because it helps in receiving the best treatment for cancer. The research is going on, to test the treating patients with treatments that target the cancer-causing genetic changes in the tumor, many drugs are used as treatment known as target therapies ⁶⁰.

Precision medicine helps the doctors to decide the best treatment because it has all the information regarding the genetic changes in the tumor, size, type, and if spread. Nowadays, the patients receive a combination of treatment for cancers include chemo, radiation, immunotherapy, and surgery if the doctor has information, then the treatment is going to be easy.