Ijpsr (2009), Issue 1, Vol

CONCLUSION: In this review paper cancer and treatments of cancer were illustrated in detail like sign or symptoms, diagnosing tests and how the cancer cause, spread, etc. The cancer treatments include surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, target therapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, precision medicine. These therapies include many drugs, like antibiotics, which are mainly used in chemotherapies, different targeted systems to treat cancer directly like nanotechnology, microspheres, etc. Different radiations are used to treat cancer in radiation therapies that directly attack cancer cells. In hormone therapy, different hormones are used to treat cancer, mainly breast and prostate cancer which are caused by hormones. In immunotherapy, the immune system is making stronger to fight against the cancer cells by different drugs.
Out of these therapies, commonly therapies and a combination of therapies are used to treat cancer such as radiation therapy with surgery, hormone therapy with surgery, chemotherapy with immunotherapy, etc. But these therapies have different problems/side effects because cancer cell which are made from certain genetic changes and genetic changes different in different patients and cancers. After a lot of research about these therapies, scientists prefer precision medicines for the betterment of cancer treatment because in this therapy doctor knows all about the genetic information of cancer cells, then it makes the treatment quite easy and with the help of this information problems/side effects can be decreased.
And after these therapies stem cell transplant is the best therapy to make the patient healthy by autologous, syngeneic transplant because it has lesser side effects, but allogeneic transplants have more side effects than these two because in this stem cells are taken from other person or blood relation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors are grateful to the Department of Pharmaceutics, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, for providing various facilities in connection with this review work.