The four seasons 1

1.Noaniq artikl (indefinite article)

Indefinite article

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  Ishlatilishi:
  
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  Noaniq artikl one so’zidan olingan bo’lib sanaladigan birlikdagi ot oldidan ishlatiladi. Agar ot undosh harf bilan boshlangan bo’lsa a noaniq artikl unli bo’lsa an noaniq artikl ishlatilandi.
  

a boy, a desk, a clower, an apple, an egg, an English book.

2.Agar biror bir mashhur kishining kasbi gapning kesimidan oldin kelsa ot oldida “the” artikli ishlatiladi.
Pushkin the great Russian poet was born in Moscow.
3.There is iborasidan keyin birlikdagi ot kelsa undan oldin noaniq artikl ishlatiladi:

There is a book on the table.

4.Have, have got fe’li qaysi zamonda turishidan qat’I nazar undan keyin birlikdagi ot kelsa noaniq artikl ishlatiladi:

He had a country cottage last year.

5.Biror ot haqida birinchi marta gapirilayotgan bo’lsa undan oldin noaniq artikl ishlatiladi va qandaydir bir degan ma’noni bildiradi:
I saw a man add woman in the street.
Shu otlar haqida ikkinchi marta gapirilsa otlar oldida the ishlatiladi.
6.Noanq artikl ona tili va rus tilidagi bir so’zi o’rniga ham ishlatiladi:
A mean told me about him.

Bir odam menga u haqida gapirib berdi.

Noaniq artikl sanalmaydigan otlar oldida ishlatilmaydi.

I bought bread yesterday.

Sugar used to cook.

Noaniq artikl quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:

1.Biror kishining kasbi haqida gapirilganda:

Mr Smith is an engineer.

Mr Smith is a secretary.

Agar ko’pchilikning kasbi haqida gapirilganda ishlatimaydi:

The Smith are docters

27-BILET
1 - MY FLAT My name is Tanya. I live in Minsk, the capital of Belarus. I live in Gerasimenko street in a large nine-storeyed house. Our flat is on the eighth floor. Our flat is not large but it is very cosy. There are two rooms in our flat. There is a living- room and a bedroom in our flat. There is a kitchen, a bathroom and a toilet there, too.Our living-room is light and comfortable. There is only one window in it, but it's very large. There is modern furniture in our living-room. There is a wall-unit, a TV-set, a sofa, two armchairs and a table in the room. There is a large carpet on the floor. But there is no carpet on the wall. There are some pictures on the walls. I like to watch TV in the living-room and to play or talk with my parents in the evening there.Our kitchen is small, but it is nice. There is a cooker there, a refrigerator, a table and four chairs. We have meals in the kitchen and my mother cooks tasty things there.Our bathroom is clean and nice. We wash hands and face, clean teeth in the bathroom. There is a bath and a sink with hot and cold water taps there.I like to be at home, to play, to read books. There are a lot of books in our flat. I help my parents about the house and our flat is always clean and nice. I think, there is no place like home.
i - MENING Kvartira Mening ismim Tanya. Men Belarus poytaxti Minskda yashayman. Men Gerasimenko ko'chasida to'qqiz qavatli katta uyda yashayman. Bizning kvartiramiz sakkizinchi qavatda. Bizning kvartiramiz katta emas, lekin juda qulay. Bizning kvartiramizda ikkita xona bor. Bizning kvartiramizda yashash xonasi va yotoqxona mavjud. U yerda oshxona, hammom va hojatxona ham bor. Mehmonxonamiz yorug‘ va qulay. Unda faqat bitta oyna bor, lekin u juda katta. Mehmonxonamizda zamonaviy mebellar mavjud. Xonada devor bloki, televizor, divan, ikkita kreslo va stol bor. Yerda katta gilam bor. Ammo devorda gilam yo'q. Devorlarda bir nechta rasmlar bor. Mehmonxonada televizor ko'rishni, kechki payt ota-onam bilan o'ynashni yoki suhbatlashishni yaxshi ko'raman. Bizning oshxonamiz kichkina, lekin juda yaxshi. U yerda pechka, muzlatgich, stol va to‘rtta stul bor. Oshxonada ovqatimiz bor, onam esa u yerda mazali taomlar pishiradi. Hammomimiz toza va chiroyli. Biz qo'l va yuzni yuvamiz, hammomda tishlarni tozalaymiz. U yerda hammom va issiq va sovuq suv jo‘mraklari bo‘lgan lavabo bor. Men uyda bo‘lishni, o‘ynashni, kitob o‘qishni yaxshi ko‘raman. Bizning kvartiramizda juda ko'p kitoblar bor. Men ota-onamga uy haqida yordam beraman va bizning kvartiramiz har doim toza va chiroyli. Menimcha, uydek joy yo'q.

2- SAVOL DEFINITE ARTICLETHE aniq artikli Biz bekorga «the»ni aniq artikli demaymiz. Chunki the ishlatilgan otni qaysi ekanligini bilib olish qiyin emas. Masalan xonada faqatgina bitta deraza bor. Shuning uchun biz «Can you open the window?» deb aytamiz. The ishlatishimizga sabab, xonada boshqa deraza yo’q. Va biz nazarda tutgan deraza xonadagi yagonasi.

Ko’proq misollar:
I’m going to clean the car tomorrow. (= my car) – Men ertaga mashinani tozalamoqchiman. (=o’zimni mashinamni)
Can you repeat the question, please? (= the question that you asked) – Savolni qaytara olasizmi? (Siz bergan savolni)
We enjoyed our holiday. The hotel was very nice. (= our hotel) – Biz ta’tildan zavqlandik. Mehmonxona juda ajoyib edi. (aynan biz turgan mehmonxona)
Paris is the capital of France. (there is only one capital of France) – Parij Fransiyaning poytaxti. (Fransiyaning faqat bitta poytaxti bor.)
Lisa is the youngest student in her class. (there is only one youngest student in her class) – Liza o’zining sinfidagi eng yoshi. (Uning sinfida faqat bittasi eng yosh)
Biz nazarda tutayotgan odam yoki narsa aniq bo’lsa «the…» dan foydalanamiz
the door / the ceiling / the floor / the carpet / the light etc. (of a room)
the roof / the garden / the kitchen / the bathroom etc. (of a house)
the centre / the station / the airport / the town hall etc. (of a town)
Ya’ni xonada bitta eshik bor the door. Bitta chiroq bor the light = xonaning chirog’i va hokazo