Ministry of higher education, science and innovation fergana state university

3. SEASONS ARE NOT THE SAME EVERYWHERE. 
The timing and characteristics of the seasons depend upon the location 
on Earth. 
Regions 
near 
the 
equator 
experience 
fairly 
constant temperatures throughout the year, with balmy winters barely discernible 
from warm summers. This is because it gets fairly constant light from the sun, due 
to its position on the outer curve of the Earth, according to the Atmospheric 
Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. 
For areas to the north and south, the seasons can change more significantly. 
People closer to the poles might experience icier, more frigid winters, while those 
closer to the equator might suffer hotter summers.
Other factors can also affect the weather and temperature over the seasons; 
some areas experience dry summers as temperatures spike, while others might call 
summer their ―wet season‖. A wet season is when a majority of a country or 
region's annual precipitation occurs, according to the 
Met Office
. Mountainous 
regions might experience more snowfall than plains within the same latitude, while 
oceanfront property could see an increase in violent tropical storms as the weather 
shifts. 
The time of year a region experiences a season depends on whether it is in the 
northern or southern hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere experiences winter 
while its northern neighbors encounter summer; the north sees the slow blossom of 
spring while the south brings in the autumn harvest. 
 

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4. WHAT CAUSES THE SEASONS? 

The cycle of seasons is caused by Earth's tilt toward the sun. (Image credit: 

KajaNi via Getty Images)(opens in new tab) 
The cycle of seasons is caused by Earth's tilt toward the sun. The planet 
rotates around an (invisible) axis. At different times during the year, the northern 
or southern axis is closer to the sun. During these times, the hemisphere tipped 
toward the star experiences summer, while the hemisphere tilted away from the sun 
experiences winter, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration (NOAA)(opens in new tab). 
At other locations in Earth's annual journey, the axis is not tilted toward or 
away from the sun. During these times of the year, the hemispheres experience 
spring and autumn. 
The astronomical definition of the seasons relates to specific points in Earth's 
trip around the sun. The summer and winter solstice, the longest and shortest day 
of the year, occurs when Earth's axis is either closest or farthest from the sun. The 
summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere occurs around June 21, the same day 
as the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, according to NOAA. The 
south's summer solstice occurs around December 21, the winter solstice for the 
north. In both hemispheres, the summer solstice marks the first day of astronomical 
summer, while the winter solstice is considered the first day of astronomical 
winter. 
Equinoxes are another significant day during Earth's journey around the sun. 
On these days, the planet's axis is pointed parallel to the sun, rather than toward or 

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away from it. Day and night during the equinoxes are supposed to be close to 
equal. The spring, or vernal, equinox for the northern hemisphere takes place 
around March 20, the same day as the south's autumnal equinox. The vernal 
equinox in the southern hemisphere occurs around September 20, when people in 
the north celebrate the autumnal equinox. The vernal equinox marks the first day 
of astronomical spring for a hemisphere, while the autumnal equinox ushers in the 
first day of fall. 
But changes in the weather often precede these significant points. The 
meteorological seasons focus on these changes, fitting the seasons to the three 
months that best usher them in. December to February marks meteorological 
winter in the Northern Hemisphere and meteorological summer in the southern. 
March, April, and May are lauded as spring or autumn, depending on the location, 
while June through August are the months of summer for the north and winter for 
the south. September, October, and November conclude the cycle, ushering in fall 
in northern regions and spring in southern, according to NOAA. 
The seasons can bring a wide variety to the year for those locations that 
experience them in full. The weather in each one may allow people to engage in 
activities that they cannot perform in others — skiing in the winter, swimming in 
the summer. Each season brings with it its own potential dangers, but also its own