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De Serrano and Burkhart
J Nanobiotechnol (2017) 15:83
influence in immune responses include liposome size,
lamellarity, surface charge, fluidity of the bilayer, forma-
tion of lamellar-hexagonal bilayers and the addition of
immunostimulatory lipids.
Regarding size, it has been
previously discussed that larger vesicles (> 2 µm) loaded
with a tuberculosis (TB) antigen are likely to induce cell
proliferation and low IL-10
induction, contrasting with
vesicles around 500 nm that promoted a distinct set
of cytokines (IL-1β and IFN-γ) [
30
]. A study by Brewer
et al. presented the effects
on immune response differ-
entiation of large (> 225 nm) vs. small (< 155 nm) lipid
vesicles [
31
]. Larger vesicles induced IL-12 cytokine
production but smaller vesicles did not. Murine experi-
ments revealed that large vesicles induced T
H
1
responses
due to increased levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ. The smaller
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