Z. M. Bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti chet tillar fakulteti ingliz tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi

1group - statistical principles:

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  frequency (the total number of the word occurrence in the source or sources);
  

-range (words that occur across a wide variety of texts).

2. 
   group - methodical principles:
   

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  thematic (related to the topics given in the curriculum);
  
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  semantic (words which reflect the main concepts of the topic, or situation);
  
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  leamability (spelling, phonological difficulties, syntactic properties, polysemy, false friends, cultural aspects).
  

3group - linguistic principles:

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  combinability,
  
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  word-building value,
  
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  polysemantic words,
  
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  stylistic unboundedness.
  

The active (productive) minimum of foreign language in schools includes approximately 1000-1200 words.
The basic principles of selection of the active (productive) minimum vocabulary are:

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  semantic approach;
  
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  combinative approach;
  
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  stylistic approach;
  
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  frequency approach;
  
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  word-building value;
  
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  value of polysemantic words;
  
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  excluding synonyms;
  
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  excluding international words.
  

The active (productive) minimum of vocabulary is selected from topics and communicative situations, dialogues and written speech, video- and audio-texts.


The criteria of selection of the passive (receptive) minimum vocabulary are:

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  derivability;
  
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  polysemantic character;
  
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  frequency and wide usage;
  
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  topical associations;
  
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  semantic and word-building value.
  

Stages and ways of teaching vocabulary
The process of development of vocabulary subskills in the English classrooms proposes three stages.
Stage I is related to the presentation of a new vocabulary. The aim is to introduce a new word and disclose the meaning of each word. Ways and techniques to convey the meaning of a word are:
Direct way

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  dictionaries - used in conveying the meaning of a word;
  
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  synonyms- items that mean the same, or nearly the same; for example, clever, smart may serve as synonyms of intelligent;
  
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  antonyms- items that mean the opposite; rich is an antonym of poor;
  
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  hyponyms - items that serve as specific examples of a general concept; dog. lion, mouse are hyponyms of animal;
  
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  morphological analysis (word building)
  
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  contextual guessing - understanding the meaning through the context, or previous experience;
  
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  definitions - explanation of meaning in English with the words familiar for learners;
  
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  examples - situational and interesting information which can motivate learners;
  
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  interpretation - if there is no equivalent in the native language;
  
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  matching - synonyms, antonyms;
  
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  analysis of the structure - familiar components of the word;
  
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  making list of family words - finding the meaning of the general word via familiar words;
  
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  familiar or famous (international) words.
  

Visual

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  demonstration of school paraphernalia or drawings on the black board (realia);
  
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  illustration material-pictures / objects;
  
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  models;
  
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  demonstration of movements, mime, body language;
  
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  pictograms, pictures, schemes.
  

Translation

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  giving an equivalent;
  
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  translation-interpretation;
  
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  comparing a foreign word to the native language word
  

Stage II - drilling, its aim is to create or form the stereotypes of usage of a new word.
Stage III - situational (communicative practice) aimed to developing or improving the vocabulary subskills in the aspect of using vocabulary in the speech.