Z. M. Bobur nomidagi andijon davlat universiteti chet tillar fakulteti ingliz tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi

To the extra-linguistic difficulties we refer:
-the volume of the auditory memory;
-a kind of speech to be listened to;
-tempo of speech.
From the very beginning period of teaching tempo of speech must be normal (200-250 syllables/min); the number of presentation and the volume of an utterance. The volume and character of a text for LC in junior classes - descriptive texts consisting of 3-6 sentences (1-2 min.), at the intermediate stage 10-15 sentences (2-3 min.), in senior stage - 20-25 sentences (3 min.); peculiarities of the speaker’s timbre props and reference - points of perception:

1. 
   semantic (intonation, rhythm, pauses, logical stress, parenthetical phrases);
   
2. 
   formal props (pictures, title);
   
3. 
   visual verbal props (voc. notes).
   

The linguistic difficulties are:
-phonetic (phonemic oppositions, or contrast sounds: short-long, voiced-voiceless, different intonation patterns and their meaning), tempo, indistinct (defective) pronunciation;
-lexical (antonyms, lexical constructions, interruptions, etc. are difficult to comprehend); homonyms, paronyms;
-grammatical (tense forms, elliptical words and sentences, analytical forms);
-compositional structure of a text (description or narration or reflection, the beginning or the end of the story);
-structural peculiarities of a text;
-the presence of proper names, geographical names, terms;
-a major linguistic difficulty is the extension of sentences in a text for LC.
Favourable influence is produced by a text, which:

• 
  is interesting to the pupils of a particular age-group from the point of view of
  

emotional colouring;

• 
  has a simple plot;
  
• 
  is logically characterized by the development of events;
  
• 
  is free from too many details;
  
• 
  doesn’t contain too many proper and geographical names, terminology;
  
• 
  has but several evidently unfamiliar words distributed, preferably presented not at
  

the beginning of the text or a context (Context is a sentence or a group of
sentences united by a sense - common idea).