Battle of Badr : The first major battle fought by the Muslims against the
Quraysh after the hijrah to Madinah.
Battle of Uḥud : The second major battle fought by the Mus-lims against the
Quraysh after the hijrah to Madinah.
Bi-idhn Allāh taʿālā : Means “with the permission of God, the Exalted”.
Chacha : Paternal uncle.
Dīn ( pl. Adyan ) : Means religion, Islam as a complete way of life and also divine
recompense in the Hereafter.
Duʿā’ : Prayer or supplication.
Duʿāt ( sing. Dāʿī ) : Preachers or callers to Islam.
Dunyā : Meaning this world, as opposed to the Hereafter.
Durūs ( sing. Dars ) : Lessons.
Faḍl : Virtue or benefit.
Fajr : The name of the dawn prayer. The original Arabic literally means “dawn”.
Farḍ : Legally binding or obligatory. It applies to such Islamic obligations as the
five daily prayers.
Fatihah : The name for “the Opening” Surah of the Qur’an.
Faqīr ( pl. fuqarā’ ) : The poor, a person who depends for his subsistence on
others.
Fatwa : An Islamic legal ruling.
Fiqh : The science of Islamic law, i.e. the collection of rules that make up Islamic
law.
Firʿawn : Pharaoh.
Fitnah : Means “trial”, “test”, “civil strife” and “insurrection”.
Fuqahā’ ( sing. Faqīh ) : Jurists or legal scholars with expertise in Fiqh.
Ghībah : backbiting.
Hadith (pl. aḥādīth) : Referring to reports from the Prophet, typically
exemplifying his teachings.
