Zen’yaku Azuma kagami
, 1:47.
95. Conlan,
State of War
, 165.
274
Memories of Mirrors
Nevertheless, to restate: even though the impetus to populate histo-
riographic works with otherworldly powers, or to attribute individual
events to them, continued across the late Kamakura and early Muroma-
chi
Mirrors
, there was no longer any larger instructive interpretive frame-
work. Whether this is tied to or reflective of the “disintegration of over-
whelming hegemonic authority,” the gradual decentralization of authority
that spans much of the later fourteenth century in particular, or even a
decreasing warrior interest in early medieval precedent is impossible to
say.
96
It may simply be that in an increasingly fragmented and unstable
order, the discourse of cosmological principles had outlived its usefulness
in lending clear shape to historical trajectories. To accommodate the vi-
cissitudes of the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, perhaps a principle
would have required so much breadth and flexibility as to be meaningless.
In any case, this represents a lost opportunity of sorts for the
Mir-
rors
, for it was precisely in the “chaos of the Northern and Southern Court
wars” that a broader “hope for divine protection above and beyond that
of . . . [popular] veneration of the gods” that extended outside of the met-
ropolitan population arose.
97
It seems, then, that there should have been
a growing audience for a grounded, ordered representation of the past.
Instead, however, the
Mirrors
ceased to make effective recourse to cos-
mological principles in a symbolically powerful setting as a way to inter-
pret history. Once they did so, they ceded their otherworldly endorsed
authority to narrate the past. The lingering value they enjoyed can in-
stead be understood as due to the memory of their earlier power and per-
haps even a nostalgia for the world that they had once been in a position
to order.
96. Conlan,
State of War
, 217. Conlan is referring here specifically to the fallout
from the Kannō Disturbance. The more general trends are summarized in ibid., 223–31.
On the changing attitude toward precedent in particular, see ibid., 231.
97. Sasaki Kaoru,
Nihon chūsei shisō no kichō
, 141.
M
irror
writing explodes in the seventeenth century. A search of the
“illustrated book” holdings of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts,
known for its impressive collection of Japanese materials (including the
original of
An Illustrated Scroll of Minister Kibi’s Trip to China
mentioned
in chapte
r
3), gives a sense of the numbers, yielding approximately twenty-
four examples of works labeled as
kagami
(mirror) and definitively dated
to the Edo period alone.
1
These range from the
Yoshiwara kagami
(Mir-
ror of the Yoshiwara [Pleasure Quarters], 1660) to
Ehon taka kagami
(An
Illustrated Mirror of Falconry, circa 1863–68), and they also include
Mir-
rors
that pun on the titles of their medieval predecessors, despite little or
no obvious overlap in content. Instead of
The Clear Mirror
, there is
Ehon
masukagami
(The Complete [ten-tenths] Illustrated Mirror, 1748), and in
a new spin on
The Mirror of the East
, there is
Ehon Azuma kagami
(The
Illustrated Mirror of Eastern Wives, 1787).
2
1. Boston Museum of Fine Arts (“Illustrated Books/kagami/Asia”). This is a some-
what artificial limitation, since other printed materials, including
ukiyo-e
, Kabuki play-
bills, and references to plays such as
Ashiya dōman ōuchi kagami
(1734),
Natsu matsuri:
Naniwa kagami
(1745), and
Sugawara denju tenarai kagami
(1746) also bore
Mirror
des-
ignations, attesting to the now-protean possibilities for a
Mirror
.
2. The website for the Thoma
s
J. Waston Collection of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art lists an alternative title for
Ehon masukagami
that is more indicative of the work’s
contents:
True Reflections on the Life and Manners of a Woman
(Metropolitan Museum
of Arts, Digital Collections).
Epil o g ue
Mirror
Legacies for
Early Modern Japan
276
Epilogue
Moreover, as hinted by the titles that appear in this limited search,
the sheer numbers are not the only development. The most cursory glance
at
Mirrors
from the early Edo period likewise reveals an expansion in their
subject matter that would challenge any attempt to identify a common-
ality in the works beyond that of didacticism (ironic or earnest). In addi-
tion to the
Mirrors
noted above, there are
Mirrors
that narrate the past,
Dostları ilə paylaş: |