45
be found in the cytoplasm. There are also polysaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acid
derivatives, glucose and other simple sugars, and polysaccharides.
The Nucleus
Usually, the nucleus is the cell organelle that is most noticeable. The nucleus (plural: nuclei) regulates
the production of ribosomes and proteins as well as housing the DNA of the cell in the form of chromatin. The
outermost region of the nucleus is made up of the double-membrane nuclear envelope. Phospholipid bilayers
make up the nuclear envelope's inner and outer membranes. The passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between
the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm is regulated by pores that dot the nuclear envelope. It is useful to start with
chromosomes in order to comprehend chromatin.
Figure 23.
The nuclear envelope is the nucleus' outermost boundary. Contrary to the plasma membrane,
which only contains one phospholipid bilayer, the nuclear envelope is made up of two phospholipid bilayers
(membranes): an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
Proteins and DNA combine to form the nucleus's chromosomes, which are hereditary structures.
Chromatin is the term for this DNA and protein mixture. Chromosomes are organized in a linear fashion in
eukaryotes. Each species' body cells' nuclei contain a particular number of chromosomes. For example, in
humans, the chromosome number is 46, whereas in fruit flies, the chromosome number is eight.
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