Jumaeva nasiba komil qizi lexical and semantic characteristics of hyponomic relations in words in english and

Main issues and hypothesis of research are revealed in the folloving 
published works which are expressed the most useful information about the theme 
of dissertation: 

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1. Safarova, R. (1990). Hyponymy in the Uzbek language. Thesis – 
Tashkent. 
2. Djumabaeva, J. Sh, The study of hyponymic taxonomy in English 
linguistics and the lexical and semantic relations of hyponym. 
Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 2020; 19 (4): pp. 
870-87 
3. Cruse, D. A (2002). Hyponymy and its varieties. In Green R, Bean 
C.A&Myaeng. S.H. (eds) The semantic of relationships. Dordrecht, 
Kluwer, 394 
4. Lyons, J. (1998). Semantics. (2 vols). Cambridge University Press, 
293 
5. Kay, P.(1971). Taxonomy and semantic contrast. Language, 47(4), 
866-887 
6. Murph M.L. (2003). Hyponymy and hypernomy. Cambridge 
University press. 
The degree of investigation of the research. In recent years many scientists 
and linguistic scholars have investigated hyponyms, their lexic semantic meaning 
with relations in other languages and the importance of using them in linguistics. In 
fact, this dissertation is mainly found a foundation for the valuable works of foreign 
linguists as well. For writing this dissertation a lot of articles, information from 
internet sites, and facts from the historical development and facts of English 
language, additional papers and journals were used to illustrate the opinions about 
hyponyms.. To list the authors we can refer Котцова Е.Е. “Гипонимия в 
лексической системе русского языка (на материале глагола)”, Cruse D.A 
“Hyponymy and its varieties”, Katz J.J. “Semantic theory”, Lehrer A. “Semantic 
fields and lexical structure”, Murphy M.L. “Semantic relations and the lexicon”. In 
Uzbek language R.Safarova studied this issue as an object in her PhD dissertation 
which 
was 
named 
“Гипонимия в узбекском языке (на материале 
общеупотребительных зоонимов)” and J.SH.Jumabaeva also investigate this theme 
in her doctoral dissertation that was “Lexic and stylistic graduonymy in Uzbek and 

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English languages” (“Ўзбек ва инглиз тилларида лексик ва стилистик 
градуонимия”).
In addition to this, we can use and find most important, detailed and full 
information in D. A. Cruse’s “Lexical semantics”, J.Lyons’s “Введение в 
теоретическую лингвистику” book, also J.SH.Jumabaevna’s in the section 
“Graduonomy and hyponymy” (“Graduonomiya va hyponymy”) of the book “Lexic 
and stylistic graduonymy in different structural languages” (“Тurli tizimli tillarda 
leksik va stilistik graduonomiya”)
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and dictionaries such as Cambridge Dictionary , 
Oxford Dictionary for learners of English, WooordHunt, Longman Dictionary of 
English Language and Cultureand Merriam Webster Dictionary were also used.