Introduction The course paper is dedicated to the study of the syntax and semantic features of phrasal verbs in the English language

2.3. Different views of scholars on the phrasal verbs
The status of English phrasal verbs is frequently discussed matter. They are a peculiar element of the language of English and, because of this reason, it is important to become acquainted with them and know how to use them correctly. However, it is still difficult to describe phrasal verbs conclusively because various scholars approach them from various standpoints.
English phrasal verbs, which constitute one of the most distinctive and creative features of the English language. The phrasal verb consists of a verb, usually a monosyllabic verb of action or movement such as go, put, take, and one or more particles. The particle may be an adverb, a preposition, or a word that can act as either adverb or preposition. Often the meaning of these verb phrases is idiomatic and cannot be determined by knowing the meaning of their individual parts. Because of this, phrasal verbs are often difficult to master for students of English as a second language. Phrasal verbs are extremely common, especially in spoken English, and are used more informally than their Latinate synonyms, e.g. use up vs. consume; gather together vs. assemble; put out vs. extinguish.
English grammarians note that phrasal verbs have increased significantly since the mid-nineteenth century and especially so in mid-twentieth century American English. Many phrasal verbs can be replaced, with little change of meaning, by single word verbs: give in by yield, look after by tend, carry on by continue, put up with by tolerate. In most cases the phrasal verb is less formal, more colloquial and more image-and/or emotion-laden than the single word. Phrasal verbs and their noun derivatives account for a significant number of new words now being coined in the English language¹⁶.
Most of linguists consider that the adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles. Many particles are adverbs and preposi­tions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles.
The role the linguists give to phrasal verbs cannot be overestimated. First of all they reflect the diversity and richness of the language. They present such a lexical layer, which can be considered unique and requires thorough learning and understanding of not only the foreign language itself, but the whole mentality of the nation. Phrasal verbs have been attracting the attention of linguists, dealing both with practice and theory of the teaching the English language, for a long period of time. Despite the growing number of publications devoted to phrasal verbs, there are still a plenty of unsolved problems, connected with this lexical-grammatical phenomenon. First of all there is still complete terminological ambiguity with this aspect. Various authors use different terms to define this linguistic phenomenon. For instance: compound verb (Berman I.M.), complex verb (Korneva E.A.), separable verb (Bollinger), compound verb (Maittaire), group verb (Sweet), semi-compound verb (Kruisinga), verb-adverb combination (Kennedy), merged verb (Aiken), separable compound (Curme), poly-word verb (Stevick), two-word verb (Anthony, Taha), post-particle verb (Marchand), phrasal type (Fairclough), discontinuous verb (Live), particled verb (Scott), verb-particle construction (Fraser), and finally, phrasal verb – which was firstly introduced by Logan Smith. The last term will be the major topic of investigation of the present work. However, all linguists are common in the mind that phrasal verbs are the indispensable part of modern English. What is more their role in the lexical fund of the language is constantly growing.
Linguists became aware of the necessity of composing a dictionary of phrasal verbs long ago. “There is great need… of a word-book, thesaurus or dictionary of synonyms wherein one can find as the guide word the common, obvious, even colloquial or slang verb-adverb combinations”¹⁷.
Some grammarians, such as Martha Kolln in “Understanding English Grammar”, take the view that phrasal verbs define only those combinations that form an idiom, a phrase whose meaning cannot be predicted from the meaning of its parts. For example, Kolln would say that go up in this sentence is not an example of a phrasal verb: The balloon went up into the sky - because the sentence can be rephrased as: Up the balloon went into the sky¹⁸.
However, McArthur in his treatment of the phrasal verb states that phrasal verbs cover both the literal and figurative/idiomatic uses. Grammarians who take this position classify phrasal verbs based on their use in sentence patterns (syntactical properties) and as new word formations (morphological properties), as well as by the overall meaning of these verb combinations (semantic properties). Ex.: She put down the book (literal). The army put down the rebellion (figurative/idiomatic). In addition to a single literal and/or figurative meaning, some phrasal verbs can have a multitude of different meanings depending on the context. For example, here are some of the many ways in which the phrasal verb pick up is currently used: Pick up that book (to take up by hand). Please, pick up your room (to tidy up). He picks up foreign languages fairly easily (to acquire knowledge or learning). She picked up some milk on her way home (to buy). Some grammarians warn against the indiscriminant use of phrasal verbs. McArthur describes them as "informal, emotive and slangy"; he indicates that there are many good Latinate synonyms that can be used in place of their phrasal verb counterparts. Fowler in “Modern English Usage” notes that one of the main objections raised to phrasal verbs is that they are used when the simple verb alone would suffice. These examples illustrate the redundancy of some phrasal verb combinations: As noted above, the phrasal verb is an interesting linguistic phenomenon - syntactically, morphologically and semantically. Historically, although the phrasal verb has been present in English for many centuries, the term was first used in print in 1925. Phrasal verbs were found in Middle English, common in Shakespeare, and often used to define verbs of Latin origin. McArthur states that the famous lexicographer of the eighteenth century, Samuel Johnson, was one of the first to consider these formations carefully¹⁹. English phrasal verbs have always been the focus of attention to the majority of linguists. Lipka, Waibel, Cowie and Mackin, McCarthy & O’Dell etc. as well as Klijūnaitė have been investigating them year in, year out and the numerous works have been written. Besides, they differ in their word formation patterns, postverbs, which they possess, or implications, “The meaning of a phrasal verb, for example, often bears no relation to the meaning of either the verb or the particle which is used with it”. Still phrasal verbs’ significance lies in the factor that they contain “… such a key part of everyday English …” not merely in a spoken language but they are the general aspect of written and formal English²⁰.
According to Bolinger, the phrasal verb is "next to the noun + noun combinations, probably the most prolific source of new nouns in English". Furthermore, many methods are introduced by the famous scholars such as Lipka, Nogina, Zhluktenko that define the determinate combinations of the verbs together with the second pattern which is homonymous.
In addition, what considers the rise of all new phrasal verbs, they are coined according to talkers or readers comprehension, and the process of their creation is not difficult. Besides, confirming that the phrasal verb is a derivational element, it becomes obvious that it is considered as an analytic word as well.
None the less, phrasal verbs remain requisite. It is greatly felt because of social exchange that insists the creation of new words.