arm and a match was put to a hole at the back. N ot surprisingly,
there was little chance of hitting anything. Then a wooden piece
was fitted to the back so that the gun could be fired from the
shoulder. Later, the match was fixed to a moveable metal part.
This made it easier to touch it down on the gunpowder. This
type of gun, known as a “matchlock,” had a much greater chance
of hitting the enemy.
W hen guns first appeared, the most powerful killing machine
in Western Europe was the Welsh longbow, and later the English
longbow. This could hit a man at least 300 meters away and pass
through metal plate at distances of over fifty meters. A good
b'dwman could do this fifteen times a minute, and the result was
usually death in large numbers. But to pull a bow as powerful as
this, a man had to' practice day after day from about the age of
, fourteen. The bodies of long-dead bowmen have recently been
dug up, and they show that the bow changed the shape of the
m en’s backbones.
Although the matchlock was much slower, a man could be
taught to use it in a very short time. The chances of hitting
anybody were smaller, but its killing power was much greater.
Although it was possible to make metal plate thick enough to
stop a bullet, it was uncomfortably heavy. During the sixteenth
century, guns became more popular than bows.
The problem with the matchlock was that the match had to
be lit first, and taken care of all the time. Inventors looked for
ways to solve this. The result, early in the sixteenth century, was
the “wheel-lock.” In this new gun, a rough metal wheel was
turned against a material which produced fire— in exactly the
same way as a cigarette lighter works. This meant that the gun
could be carried ready to fire.
The wheel-lock, though, was expensive to produce, and it
didn’t work every time. The next important invention appeared
in the late sixteenth century. In this, a piece of stone struck against
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A “flintlock”gun, in which stone struck metal
a metal plate. This type of gun was much simpler and cheaper to
make. If it wasn’t raining, it usually worked, and guns like this
were used for the next two and a half centuries.
By the 1820s, a new firing method had appeared. Small pieces
of metal were filled with gunpowder, which caused an explosion
when they were struck. These weren’t affected by the weather,
and they were much simpler, so it was now easier to produce guns
which fired many times. In 1836 Samuel Colt, of Connecticut,
US, invented a simple type of handgun which fired five or six
bullets one after another. By the middle of the century, guns of
this type were commonly used and became part of the story of
the American West. We are all familiar with movies where the
hero uses a gun made by Colt. There is even a saying in the US:
Abraham Lincoln made men free. Sam Colt made them equal.”
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