Chapter question a) Explain five (5) different ways in which an organization may be involved in international trade. (60 marks)

b. Motivational factors relate to the content of the work and include achievement, recognition, the work itself, involvement, responsibility, and advancement. They promote higher levels of performance.

1. Herzberg’s motivational factors and Maslow’s esteem and self-actualization needs are similar.

2. The higher-level goals in Maslow’s hierarchy and the motivational factors identified by Herzberg are important in motivating employees to work harder.
QUESTION 3
Discuss and provide an example on each of the five basic needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy (100 marks)


Psychologist Abraham Maslow arranged humans’ five basic needs into:

1. 
   Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic amenities of life.
   
2. 
   Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc.
   
3. 
   Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongingness, and friendship.
   
4. 
   Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, attention and admiration).
   
5. 
   Self-actualization need- This include the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and self-contentment. It also includes desire for gaining more knowledge, social- service, creativity and being aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully satiable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing.
   

QUESTION 4
a) How do operations for manufacturers and service providers differ? (60 marks)

a. Manufacturers produce tangible products, while service providers produce intangible products.

b. The very nature of the service provider’s product requires a higher degree of customer contact.

c. The actual performance of the service typically occurs at the point of consumption.

d. Service providers are often more limited than manufacturers in selecting work methods, assigning jobs, scheduling work, and exercising control over operations.