Theory: An Explanation of how or why something occurs



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Theory: An Explanation of how or why something occurs.

    • Theory: An Explanation of how or why something occurs.
    • Functions of a Theory:
    • Describe
    • Explain .
    • Predict.
    • Control.
  • Classical approaches to organizational management and early organizational theories were designed to predict and control behavior in organizations.





Scientific Management Theory “Fredric Taylor”

  • Scientific Management Theory “Fredric Taylor”

  • Administrative Theory “ Henri Fayol”

  • Bureaucracy Theory “ Max Weber”



A theory that focused on finding the “one best way” to perform and manage tasks.

  • A theory that focused on finding the “one best way” to perform and manage tasks.





  • Human Relation Theory “ Elton Mayo”



Fredric Taylor: “ The father of Scientific Management”

  • Fredric Taylor: “ The father of Scientific Management”

  • Primary focus: Tasks.

  • Focused on the manufacturing environment.

  • Taylor’s 4 Management Principles:

    • Develop a science for each element of an individual's work.
    • Scientifically select, train and develop the worker.
    • Heartily cooperate with the workers.
    • Divide work & responsibility equally between managers & workers.
    • Improve production efficiency through work studies, tools, economic incentives. Determined the quickest ways to perform tasks.


Henri Fayol:

  • Henri Fayol:

  • Primary focus: Management.

  • Emphasized the flow of information and how organizations should operate.

  • Fayol’s Elements of Management:

    • Planning. Organizing.
    • Command. Control.
    • Coordination.


Fourteen Principles of Management (Tools for Accomplishing Objectives)

  • Fourteen Principles of Management (Tools for Accomplishing Objectives)

    • Division of work
    • Authority and Responsibility
    • Discipline
    • Unity of Command
    • Unity of Direction
    • Subordination
    • Remuneration
    • Centralization
    • Scalar Chain
    • Order
    • Equity
    • Stability of Tenure
    • Initiative
    • Esprit de Corps




Max Weber

  • Max Weber

  • Primary focus: Organizational Structure

  • described an ideal Bureaucracy as a theory of administration based on rational-legal authority systems

  • Weber’s 6 Principles of Management:

    • Division of labor: Organizations need to appear rational and so gain legitimacy, in order to secure resources and support, and to inspire confidence and trust.
    • Authority hierarchy .
    • Formal selection.
    • Formal rules & regulations.
    • Impersonality.
    • Career orientation.


Concerned with describing the ideal structure of an organization.

  • Concerned with describing the ideal structure of an organization.

  • Cornerstone: existence of written rules.

  • The rational application of written rules ensures the promotion of legitimate authority and the effective and efficient functioning of the organization.



Behavioral Theory Of Organization.



Elton Mayo

  • Elton Mayo

  • Primary focus: Human Factors (Human Relations).

  • In order to increase Productivity:

      • Teamwork
      • Joint Supervision.


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