REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTANMINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATIONTASHKENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTE
REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTANMINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATIONTASHKENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTE
ANDIJAN FACULTY
Direction " finance and financial technologies”
Stage I SMMT-70-22-Group student TURSINOV MO’MINJON
Independent work prepared by the subject “English language“
Presentation
Done: M.Tursinov
Checked: X.Maksudova
Finance
PLAN:
Finance.
Public finance .
Personal finance .
The financial system .
Finance
Finance is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets. It is
related to, but not synonymous with economics, which is the study of
production, distribution, and consumption of money, assets, goods and
services (the discipline of financial economics bridges the two). Finance
activities take place in financial systems at various scopes, thus the field can
be roughly divided into personal, corporate, and public finance. In a financial
system, assets are bought, sold, or traded as financial instruments, such as
currencies, loans, bonds, shares, stocks, options, futures, etc. Assets can also
be banked, invested, and insured to maximize value and minimize loss. In
practice, risks are always present in any financial action and entities.
Public finance
President George W. Bush, speaking on the Federal Budget in 2007, here requesting additional funds from Congress
2020 US Federal Revenues and Outlays
Main article: Public finance
Public finance describes finance as related to sovereign states, sub-national
entities, and related public entities or agencies. It generally encompasses a
long-term strategic perspective regarding investment decisions that affect
public entities. These long-term strategic periods typically encompass five or
more years.
Personal finance
Wealth management consultation – here the financial advisor counsels the client on an appropriate investment strategy
Main article: Personal finance
Further information: Financial planner
Personal finance is defined as "the mindful planning of monetary spending
and saving, while also considering the possibility of future risk".Personal
finance may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as
real estate and cars, buying insurance, investing, and saving for retirement. Personal finance may also involve paying for a loan or other debt obligations.
The main areas of personal finance are considered to be income, spending,
saving, investing, and protection.
Corporate finance
Founded in 1602, the Dutch East India Company (VOC), started off as a spice trader, "going public" in the same year, with the world's first IPO.
Main articles: Corporate finance and Financial management
Further information: Strategic financial management
Corporate finance deals with the actions that managers take to increase the
value of the firm to the shareholders, the sources of funding and the capital
structure of corporations, and the tools and analysis used to allocate financial
resources. While corporate finance is in principle different from managerial
finance, which studies the financial management of all firms rather than
corporations alone, the concepts are applicable to the financial problems of
all firms,[14] and this area is then often referred to as "business finance".
The financial system
As above, the financial system consists of the flows of capital that take place
between individuals and households (personal finance), governments (public
finance), and businesses (corporate finance). "Finance" thus studies the
process of channeling money from savers and investors to entities that need it.
[b] Savers and investors have money available which could earn interest or
dividends if put to productive use. Individuals, companies and governments
must obtain money from some external source, such as loans or credit, when
they lack sufficient funds to operate.In general, an entity whose income
exceeds its expenditure can lend or invest the excess, intending to earn a fair