Because autonomous learners are motivated and reflective learners, their learning is efficient and effective (conversely, all learning is likely to succeed to the extent that the learner is autonomous)
The efficiency and effectiveness of the autonomous learner means that the knowledge and skills acquired in the classroom can be applied to situations that arise outside the classroom
Autonomy in formal language learning
In all formal learning, learner autonomy entails reflective involvement in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating learning
Language learning depends crucially on language use: we can learn to speak only by speaking, etc.
Thus in formal language learning, the scope of learner autonomy is always constrained by what the learner can do in the target language
