Consider Her Ways
As Seton and Roberts did, Frederick Philip Grove uses his introduction to
Consider Her Ways
(1947) to influence the
readers’ acceptance of his
zoocentric narrative. The book was his last publication but he was able to revise
the introduction before he died (Proietti 362). It is significant that he was able to
do so as I argue that this is crucial to the possibility of reading the novel as an
animal story. Moreover, it emphasizes the plausi
bility of Grove’s speculative
representation. The book has not attracted much serious critical attention, the
current scholarship generally regards it as allegory, science fiction, or the “most
outrageous work of the Canadian fantastic imagination” (Columbo 35). Despite
the fact that
Consider
is a rare example of nonhuman first-person narration (or
first-animal narration), it has not caught the attention of those in the field of
literary animal studies either. Previously in this thesis, I have suggested that
anthropocentric readings of Seton
’s and Roberts’ work that undermined
engagement with the nonhuman animal,
relied on a dismissal of the author’s
stated aims in each preface. Likewise, interpretations of
Consider
that discount
the introduction undermine the zoocentric, imaginative challenge set by the
author.
I contend that readings that undermine the nonhuman presence do not
connect
Consider
to the wild animal story or to the Nature Fakers controversy.
As demonstrated in my discussions of
Return to the River
(1941) and
Last of
the Curlews
(1956), both of these texts were strongly influenced by the legacies
of Seton and his supposed ‘nature faking.’ Hence, I offer a new reading of
Allmark-Kent 197
Grove’s book by placing it within this wild animal story framework. As Robert J.
Sawyer’s foreword states, Grove conceived of the idea for
Consider
in “1892 or
1893, wh
en he was a schoolboy” (6). The fact that Grove was considering
writing a narrative from the perspective of ants
at the same time
as the wild
animal story was beginning to emerge seems a context that cannot be
overlooked. Whether he read Roberts’ ant story, we cannot know. Likewise, we
cannot be sure of the similarities between
Consider
and Grove’s original idea.
Nonetheless, from the perspective of this framework,
we can read Grove’s new
form of
speculative
animal representation as perhaps a parod
y of Seton’s work.
He challenges the pseudo-scientific aspirations of the original wild animal story,
along with the associated claims of ‘fact’ and ‘realism.’ These were, of course,
the issues which drew considerable attention and ridicule during the Nature
Fakers controversy. Rather than allow such accusations, Grove
intentionally
disrupts
the ‘realism’ of his text. As such, any attempt to criticize his inaccuracy
or anthropomorphism are already pre-empted. Yet by building his speculations
upon a solid basis of fact, he maintains a playful scientific engagement. As with
the other speculative texts in this chapter, Grove’s zoocentric imaginative
challenge pushes the boundaries of what is
known
about the species he
represents. As indicated by Hal Whitehead, the authors of speculative animal
narratives validate their contribution by raising questions in ways that science
alone cannot (371).
Much of Grove’s parody and disruption of ‘realism’ relies on a layering of
authorship. The author’s note and introduction declare that an ant is the
author
and that F.P.G. is merely the e
ditor and translator. As such, the author’s note
echoes and subverts the claims of ‘fact’ made in Seton’s and Roberts’ prefaces:
Certain human myrmecologists to whom the present book was submitted
in manuscript
—the editor wishing to make sure of his
facts
, from the
Allmark-Kent 198
human point of view
—suggested that
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