Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

Science and Education in Karakalpakstan. 2023 №2/1 ISSN 2181-9203 
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Obligations arising from damage act as a kind of equivalence. That is, through delict 
obligations, the situation before the violation of rights is restored. For example, when a citizen's 
health is harmed, the reimbursement of the costs incurred by the offender for the restoration of his 
health is the restoration of the state of violation of the right before the violation. At the same time, 
the definition of responsibility for delict obligations is also important in the prevention of crime. 
It can be considered that the importance of the institution of delict and its functions are the 
same as the importance and functions of civil liability. After all, the delict institution also performs 
the tasks of restoring rights, preventing violations, and educational tasks like civil liability. 
Obligations arising from damage arise on the basis of certain legal facts, like other types of 
civil-legal obligations. The legal facts provided by the legal documents, which are the basis for the 
emergence of this obligation - the fact of causing damage, is considered a delict. 
However, the obligations arising from the damage also imply responsibility for the damage 
caused. That is why the law, together with the grounds and conditions for the emergence of delict 
obligations, also resolves the issue of the grounds and conditions of liability for damage. In other 
words, the conditions for the emergence of delict obligations and the conditions for responsibility 
for the damage caused coincide with each other. 
The law relies on general principles in determining measures of responsibility for damages. 
In the legal literature, this principle is referred to as "the principal delict principle". According to 
this principle, the existence of damage caused by one person to another person creates an obligation 
to compensate for the damage caused. In this case, the victim is not required to prove that the 
harmful action is illegal, that he is guilty. The action of the person causing harm is "considered" as 
illegal and he is guilty. In this regard, the tortfeasor is released from liability only if he proves that 
his actions were not illegal and that he was not guilty. The basic delict principle is fully embodied 
in article 1382 of the French Civil Code, according to which any act of a person causing damage to 
another person gives rise to compensation for the damage caused by the culpable act. 
It should be noted here that English law does not know the category of capital offense. Here, 
judicial practice - separate delicts developed by court precedent apply. For example, even now, the 
English courts rely on the 200-year-old horse-carriage precedent10 when considering claims for 
compensation for damage caused by a car to a pedestrian [10. 366]. 
The principle of capital offense is expressed in the civil legislation of our country. After all, 
Article 985 of the FC stipulates that the damage caused to the subject of civil law shall be 
compensated in full by the person causing the damage. Of course, according to the principle of tort, 
the fact that damage has been caused does not mean that it should be compensated. For this, there 
must be a number of conditions set by the law. The non-existence of these conditions means that the 
damage is not covered.