Multilingual Writing in Medieval Japan
93
the import of the work, driving home a lesson on the danger of attach-
ment to the past. I will defer a close reading of the preface until the follow-
ing section of this chapter; for now it will suffice to note that the framing
story in the preface once again makes use of the conventions adopted in
The New Mirror
. To repeat the basics noted above, an elderly woman on a
temple pilgrimage receives a transmission about the past from an ascetic.
It is his account of the past—or, rather, his recitation of an account of the
past that he had heard from an immortal—that the old woman in turn rec-
ords and transmits and that makes up the main body of
The Water Mirror
.
In fact, the main body of the text derives much of its material from
the Buddhism-inflected
Fusō ryakki
(Abbreviated Records of the Land
of the Rising Sun, written circa 1094–1107), a
kanbun
history attributed to
the monk K
ō
en (died circa 1169) that, though but partially preserved,
seems to have covered the period from the reign of Emperor Jinmu (tra-
ditionally dated to the seventh century BCE) through most of that of Em-
peror Horikawa (1079–1107).
23
The relationship between
Abbreviated
Records
and
The Water Mirror
, which this chapter will revisit more than
once, is not one of the faithful translation of a
kanbun
source into
wabun
.
24
An anecdote-by-anecdote comparison of the two works falls outside the
scope of this chapter, but one should bear in mind that Tadachika re-
shapes the material to his own ends, selecting, pruning, and rewriting in
The Water Mirror
—an account that spans the lives of the emperors from
Emperor Jinmu through Emperor Ninmy
ō
(810–50) and takes the form
of a series of biographies. In terms of content, each ruler’s age at death,
the location of his or her tomb, identification of his or her parentage, date
of designation as heir apparent and age at that time, date of and age at
accession to the throne, and reign length are always included. Beyond
that, there is a fair amount of variation. Many biographies give promi-
nent space to narratives of violence, a point to which I will return below.
23. On the work’s dating, Oyamada Kazuo’s very brief article for the general
reader offers a succinct summary. As he notes, this date somewhat strains the attribu-
tion to Kōen (“Shisen kokushi to wa nani ka,” 158–59). The work is imperfectly pre-
served: of a presumed original thirty scrolls, only sixteen remain.
24. Oyamada also argues that
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