Explore the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the human stress response. Explore the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the human stress response
Explore the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the human stress response.
Explore the biological, psychological, and social aspects of the human stress response.
Describe the difference between adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies.
Understand coping strategies that increase resilience to promote productive living and healthy aging.
Diminished Immunity
Diminished Immunity
Headache
Fatigue
Weight gain
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Heart Disease
Psoriasis/Eczema
Digestive problems
Stress: A state of disharmony or a threat to homeostasis
Stress: A state of disharmony or a threat to homeostasis
Physiological changes increase alertness, focus, and energy
Perceived demands may exceed the perceived resources
Coping: The ability to maintain control, think rationally, and problem solve
Resilience: Resistant quality that permits a person to recovery quickly and thrive in spite of adversity
Eustress
Eustress
Manageable Stress can lead to growth and enhanced competence
Distress
Uncontrollable, prolonged, or overwhelming stress is destructive.
Acute Stress
Immediate response to a threat or challenge
Chronic Stress
Ongoing exposure to stress, may seem unrelenting
External causes
External causes
Family, work, economics, work, school, major life changes, unforeseen events, etc.
Internal causes
Worry, uncertainty, fear, attitudes, unrealistic expectations, etc.
For patients
For patients
Alarm—when one feels threatened
Alarm—when one feels threatened
Activation of the fight or flight reaction
Resistance—mobilization of resources to solve the problem
Continued stress causes adaptation
Exhaustion
Adaptation fails and level of function decreases
Catecholamines
Catecholamines
Adaptation occurs
Adaptation occurs
Activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis continues
The stressor may be resolved
The body returns to homeostasis
May progress to exhaustion
Stress continues as resources are depleted
Occurs when the demands of the stress exceeds the persons ability to adapt.
Occurs when the demands of the stress exceeds the persons ability to adapt.
Functioning declines
May result in health problems
Physical symptoms
Mental symptoms
Cognitive
Cognitive
Decreased concentration, comprehension, & memory
Behavioral
Irritability, withdrawal, violence
Emotional
Fear, anxiety, depression, fatigue
Physiological
Increased BP, HR, Respirations, etc
Somatic symptoms
Decreased immune response
Genetics
Genetics
Coping
Coping
Adaptive Coping
Adaptive Coping
Contribute to resolution of the stress response
Maladaptive Coping
Strategies that cause further problems
Active Coping
Actively seeking resolution to the stress
Realistic expectations
Realistic expectations
Set realistic goals
Planning
Anticipate problems, have a backup plan
Reframing
Change the way you look at things
Relaxation
Learn relaxation techniques, take time-out for leisure
Discuss the problem
Utilize existing social supports to problem solve
Training
Training
Prepares for stressful events
Nutrition
Eat healthy, avoid skipping meals
Exercise
Include regular exercise
Sleep
Get adequate sleep—avoid fatigue
Blurring of boundaries
Blurring of boundaries
Avoidance/withdrawal
Negative attitude
Anger outbursts
Alcohol/Drugs
Hopelessness
Negative self-talk
Resentment
Violence
Positive Role Models
Positive Role Models
Optimism
Humor
Moral Compass
Altruism
Religion & Spirituality
Social Support
Transmit:
Transmit:
Attitudes
Values
Skills
Patterns of thoughts and behaviors
Positive Beliefs
Positive Beliefs
Associated with well being
Cognitive reframing
Positive thinking
Refute the negative thinking
Believe in a meaningful cause
It is important to acknowledge relevant negative factors
Highly effective
Highly effective
Mature coping mechanism
“Another of the souls’ weapons for the fight for self-preservation, it is well known that humor, more then anything else in the human makeup, can provide an aloofness and the ability to rise above any situation, even for a few seconds.”
Viktor Frankl
Conduct a moral inventory
Conduct a moral inventory
“Look not for any greater harm then this, destroying the trustworthy, self-respecting, well-behaved man within you.” Epicetus
Maintain your integrity
“Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom.”
Viktor Frankl
Unselfish regarding the welfare of others
Unselfish regarding the welfare of others
Believe in a meaningful cause
Mutual cooperation
Activates of the brain’s reward center
Associated with psychological and physical well being
Associated with psychological and physical well being
Guards against despair
Provides social support
Provides positive role models
Provides a positive mission
Social support has a profound effect on life expectancy
Social support has a profound effect on life expectancy
Patients have better outcomes with strong social support
Isolation and poor social support are associated with a poor stress response
Few hardy individuals “go it alone”
Recognize skills and talents
Recognize skills and talents
Inventory strengths
Use your strengths and talents
Decide what works
Actively cope
Apply concepts to enable active coping.
Stress is part of everyday life
Stress is part of everyday life
It can promote growth and competency
If unrelenting or overwhelming it can cause adverse effects
Adaptive coping enhances resilience
Maladaptive coping causes additional problems
Enhanced coping increases resilience while diminishing the adverse affects of stress, thus promoting health
Set realistic expectations
Set realistic expectations
Exercise regularly
Eat healthy
Get adequate sleep
Maintain a work-leisure balance
Positive Reframing & optimism
Enhance social support
Building resilience: http://www.slideshare.net/3dogMcNeill/building-resilience
Building resilience: http://www.slideshare.net/3dogMcNeill/building-resilience
Diet, exercise, stress and the immune system: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/chronic_fatigue_syndrome/hic_diet_exercise_stress_and_the_immune_system.aspx
Exercise: Rev up your routine to reduce stress: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise-and-stress/SR00036
Positive thinking: Reduce stress, enjoy life more: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/positive-thinking/SR00009
Stress management for patient and physician: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-str.html
Stress management: Understand your sources of stress: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stress-management/SR00031
Stress reduction techniques: A must for a healthy lifestyle: http://www.managestresstips.com/category/stress-reduction/
List your current sources of stress.
List your current sources of stress.
Conduct an inventory of coping strategies that you use or have used in the past.
Include maladaptive strategies
List your signature strengths and factors that may enhance your resilience.
While considering the above, develop a personalized stress management plan to enhance your coping and resilience.
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Images retrieved from Microsoft: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/?CTT=97
