Rainforest Benefits
•High biodiversity – provide homes to over half of all
plants and animals on the planet – up to 300 species of
trees per acre
•‘Lungs of the planet’ – produce oxygen, absorb carbon
dioxide and purify the air
•Climate stabilisation – storing carbon and modifying
climate impacts
•Storing water and maintaining the water cycle, protecting
against floods, droughts and erosion
•Maintain a healthy soil, minimising erosion by protecting
it from heavy rains and anchoring the soil and recycling
nutrients from leaf fall
Effects of Forest Fragmentation
•When areas are deforested the animals and many plants living there are killed or forced
to move leading to reduced biodiversity
•Reducing the size of habitat patches leads to changes in the patches remaining, in terms
of species composition, hydrology, and soil characteristics
•Population sizes are reduced, leading to increased likelihood of local extinctions,
especially if subjected to other challenges such as climate change impacts
•Edge effects increase and alter the conditions in the remaining habitat
•Many plants and animals in rainforests:
•Have irregular distributions within the forest,
•Require a range of habitat types or species
for feeding, nesting or protection
•Require a large home range in which to carry
out feeding – especially large predators
•Cannot live close to others of their species
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The Indri
•Largest living lemur – an extinct lemur species was the size of a gorilla
•Adults weigh 6 – 9.5 kg, and they are the only lemur without a tail
•Lives in family groups – pair and their infant; pair for life with one infant born every 2 – 3
years from the age of about 8
•Strict vegetarians, they require over 40 types of forest plants
•Can leap up to 10 m between tree trunks
•Call every morning to other groups in the area, a haunting howling sound that can carry
for 4 km. The pair synchronise their
calling, and sing duets for up to 3
minutes at a time
•Lives only in eastern rainforests in
Madagascar
•Cannot survive in captivity
•Severely endangered as its habitat is
being lost
Baobab trees
•1 Genus - 8 species globally, 6 endemic to Madagascar, one in Australia, one in Africa–
distribution demonstrates continental drift
•Live in forests – when found isolated, as in Avenue of the Baobabs, the forest has been
removed
•Trees can store thousands of litres of water (up to 120,000 l), making them well adapted
to draught conditions
•Wood is fibrous and of no use for firewood or building, bark can be used for roofing,
clothing and rope, harvested relatively sustainably (though tree is damaged)
•Provide food and homes for many species of animals and plants
•Some subspecies are critically endangered as there is no natural regeneration –
pollinators or seed dispersers no
longer exist
•Trees are long-lived, hundreds
of years at least. Radiocarbon
dating has aged an African
baobab at 1275 years, but some
may be much older
•They are the oldest known
flowering tree
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